Why is foot care important and how should it be done?

I had never really thought much about my dad's feet, but I've noticed his toenails are thick and the skin on his heels is cracking. He's also more unsteady on his feet. Could this be related, and how should I care for them?

This is a detail many carers only notice late, so you did very well to spot it. Feet are the foundation of mobility and balance, and caring for them prevents pain, sores, and falls that can drastically change daily life.

Why it happens

With age, the skin on the feet becomes dry and cracked, nails thicken, and circulation worsens. People with dementia often cannot express that their feet hurt, and pain leads them to walk poorly, lose balance, or refuse to walk. Calluses, ingrown toenails, and sores can worsen unnoticed.

Practical strategies

• Wash feet with lukewarm water, dry thoroughly between the toes, and moisturise the skin (except between the toes).
• Cut nails straight across, carefully; ask for help if they are thick.
• Inspect daily for sores, redness, blisters, or calluses.
• Wear cotton socks and closed, supportive, non-slip footwear.
• Keep nails and skin well-maintained to prevent infections.

What NOT to do

• Do not cut calluses with blades or use aggressive products at home.
• Do not let the person walk in loose slippers or slippery socks.

When to seek professional help

If there is diabetes, non-healing sores, very difficult nails, or signs of infection, consult a podiatrist or the health centre nurse. For people with diabetes, foot care is even more crucial. The NHS 111 helpline (111) can provide guidance.

"My dad was walking worse and worse, and no one understood why. It was ingrown toenails. Once his feet were treated, he started walking with confidence again." — Anonymous Carer